Database

0040-D-DBV-AK Software-The effect of creep on the design of slender centrifugally cast concrete pendulum columns using the general method

An example by the working group DBV-Arbeitskreis Software für Baustatik

The example was created by

Dr.-Ing. Elisa Lafuente, Ria Tautz, David Krybus, Dr. Walter Pauli

and published on 16.04.2022 on

published. You can find it at https://evadat.com/en/bsp/0040/.

It was qualified on 16.10.2026.

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Developed by Dr.-Ing. Elisa Lafuente, Ria Tautz, David Krybus, Dr. Walter Pauli
Published on: 16.04.2022 | Qualified on: 16.10.2026
D0Classification
  • ClassD · Standards-based verification example
  • Structural system typeBar structure (general)
  • MechanicsStatics - second-order theory, Statics - geometrically nonlinear
  • Material lawElastic
  • MaterialConcrete/reinforced concrete/prestressed concrete
  • Verification formatDetermination of internal forces, Ultimate limit state verification
  • StandardDIN EN 1992, DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2013-04
D1Problem description
This section was machine-translated by DeepL.

This verification example deals with the design of a slender pendulum support made of centrifugally cast concrete (see approval Z-15.13-343 [1]) in accordance with the general procedure set out in DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA:2013-04, Section 5.8.6. In addition to the geometric non-linearity of the system according to second-order theory, suitable stress-strain curves incorporating creep effects for concrete and steel must be taken into account in the design (see examples [2, S. 29-35] and [3]).

Creep effects may be modelled in accordance with DIN EN 1992-1-1 5.8.6 (3) by assuming a change in shape or pre-deformation due to creep, e.g. using the multi-stage model developed by Westerberg [4] or, in accordance with 5.8.6 (4), using a modified stress-strain curve in which all concrete strain values are multiplied by the factor (1+ \varphief; \varphief = effective creep rate) must be taken into account.

The aim of this example is to examine and explain the influence of the two creep models on the design of the cast-in-situ concrete column.

To determine the load-bearing capacity of the system, stress-strain lines based on design values are used in accordance with DIN EN 1992-1-1, Note 5.8.6 (3): fcd (=fcm/ γC) for the compressive strength of concrete and Ecd (=Ecm/ γCE) for the modulus of elasticity. The use of material safety factors in the stress-strain curve to determine creep pre-deformation under a load combination in the serviceability limit states often gives rise to discussions regarding a possible redundancy in the safety concept, as material safety factors are applied anyway when designing the column under the limit states of load-bearing capacity. In order to assess the effect of the material safety factors on the creep pre-deformation and thus on the design of the shotcrete column, stress–strain curves with and without material safety factors are used in this example.

The cross-sectional load-bearing capacity is calculated using the partial safety factor γC = 1.5 has been verified. A reduction in the partial safety factor by γC,red4 = 1.35, as specified in NPD under A.2.3 (1) for prefabricated components, is not taken into account in this example. It should be noted that the reduced partial safety factor γC,red4 The factor of 1.35 specified in NPD, section A.2.3(1), may only be applied to precast elements produced in a factory setting under continuous supervision, with the concrete strength of each component being verified. The measures required in this case must be specified and documented by the manufacturer in consultation with the relevant supervisory body.

Due to the high resulting reinforcement ratios and the high concrete strength of the column, the design is carried out using the net cross-sectional values (see Zilch/Zehetmaier [5]).

Material:
Concrete: C90/105, γC = 1.50, Ecm = 43,631 N/mm2, final creep ratio \varphi = 1.20
Reinforcing steel: B500B, γs = 1.15, permissible reinforcement ratio up to 16 per cent (see approval Z-15.13-343) [1])
Geometry:
L = 13 m
Storage:
Pendulum support
Load:
G = 3500 kN / Q = 700 kN (Cat. A, Ψ2 = 0.3)
Cross-section:
Outer/inner diameter = 500 / 240 mm, reinforcement layer = 57 mm

System diagram:

System.jpg
Fig. D1-1: System

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D5References
  1. [1] Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik. Schleuderbetonbauteile mit reduzierter Betondeckung und erhöhtem Bewehrungsgrad abweichend von DIN EN 1992-1-1 und DIN EN 1992-1-1/NA. Available online: https://www.dibt.de/pdf_storage/2019/Z-15.13-343%281.15.13-6%2119%29.pdf.
  2. [2] Pauli, W.; Katz, C.; Krybus, D.; Röder, F.; Urban, S.; Fingerloos, F.: Zur Berechnung der Kippstabilität vorgespannter Fertigteilträger – Berechnungsansätze und Sicherheitskonzept nach DIN EN 1992-1-1 mit NA. In: DBV-Rundschreiben 285, 2025.
  3. [3] Fingerloos, F.; Lafuente Hernández, E.: Der DBV-Arbeitskreis „Software für Baustatik“ als Dialogplattform für Softwarehersteller und Tragwerksplaner. In: Realität - Modellierung - Tragwerksplanung: 29. Dresdner Baustatik-Seminar: 07. November 2025. Dresden: Institut für Statik und Dynamik der Tragwerke, TU Dresden. 2025, 167-178.
  4. [4] Fingerloos, F.; Hegger, J.; Zilch, K.: Eurocode 2 für Deutschland – Kommentierte Fassung (DIN EN 1992-1-1 mit Nationalem Anhang). 2. Berlin: DIN Media (Beuth) / Ernst & Sohn. 2016. ISBN 978-3-410-26411-8.
  5. [5] Zilch, K.; Zehetmaier, G.: Bemessung im konstruktiven Betonbau nach DIN 1045-1 (Fassung 2008) und EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. 2010.
  6. [6] Quast, U.: Lineares oder nichtlineares Kriechen bei Druckgliedern. In: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 99 (10), 2004.
Editors
Dr.-Ing. Elisa Lafuente Krätzig & Partner Ingenieurgesellschaft für Bautechnik mbH (Bochum, Germany)
–
Creator
Dr.-Ing. Elisa Lafuente Krätzig & Partner Ingenieurgesellschaft für Bautechnik mbH (Bochum, Germany)
B5+ Stahlbetonstütze (B5+ 02/25B (FRILO R-2025-2/P04)) Allplan GmbH
Editor 1
Ria Tautz SOFiSTiK AG (Garching, Germany)
SOFiSTiK FEA (Service Pack 2024-10) SOFiSTiK AG
Editor 2
David Krybus RIBTEC Systeme GmbH (Köln, Germany)
BEST (26.0) RIBTEC Systeme GmbH
Editor 3
Dr. Walter Pauli Hochschule Darmstadt (Darmstadt, Germany)
STABET (2020-2.03) Prof. Pauli, Hochschule Darmstadt
Editor 4
Dr.-Ing. Elisa Lafuente Creator, Editor 1

Krätzig & Partner Ingenieurgesellschaft für Bautechnik mbH (Bochum, Germany)

Software used: B5+ Stahlbetonstütze (B5+ 02/25B (FRILO R-2025-2/P04)) Allplan GmbH
Ria Tautz Editor 2

SOFiSTiK AG (Garching, Germany)

Software used: SOFiSTiK FEA (Service Pack 2024-10) SOFiSTiK AG
David Krybus Editor 3

RIBTEC Systeme GmbH (Köln, Germany)

Software used: BEST (26.0) RIBTEC Systeme GmbH
Dr. Walter Pauli Editor 4

Hochschule Darmstadt (Darmstadt, Germany)

Software used: STABET (2020-2.03) Prof. Pauli, Hochschule Darmstadt